Susceptibility to breast cancer:
hereditary syndromes and low penetrance genes

by
Nusbaum R, Vogel KJ, Ready K.
Georgetown University,
Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center,
Washington, DC 20007-2401, USA.
rhm23@georgetown.edu
Breast Dis. 2006-2007;27:21-50.


ABSTRACT

Several genes are associated with hereditary susceptibility to breast cancer. Most notably these include BRCA1 and BRCA2; however, other less common gene mutations which confer elevated breast cancer risk are associated with Cowden syndrome, Li-Fraumeni syndrome, Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, ataxia-telangiectasia heterozygosity and hereditary diffuse gastric cancer. In this article we highlight the genetic epidemiology, gene function, genotype-phenotype correlations, cancer risks and clinicopathologic findings for the cancer susceptibility genes related to these syndromes. We also examine genes, such as CHEK2, which confer a lower penetrance for breast cancer in comparison to these highly penetrant genes.
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